Marketing communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing communications - Essay Example It initiates as mental imageries such as emotions, pictures, thoughts and ideas. Mental images in formed when one person desires to convey these images with another. The sender is described as a person who wants to communicate. Moreover, these images can be transferred by sender through translation and transpose of these images in to symbols. This process of transposing images that can be understood by receiver is known as encoding. The next level of communication and transmitting message to receiver is done through visual media, printed materials, telephone communication and face-to-face interaction (Fill, 2009, p.64). Additionally, the decoding process occurs; when message is being effectively received by another individual. The effective process of communication occurs, when message is decoded precisely as proposed and envisioned by sender. When feedback are received in the form of changed behaviour and actions, then sources will understand that communication have been sent succes sfully. This entire process of communication is known as basic communication model. In 1948, Hazel Gaudet, Bernard Berelson and Paul Lazarsfeld formulated two-step flow model of communication in the book the People Choice. This communication model is one of the theories of communication that suggests and recommends that mass media outlets have less influence on determining public opinion than that of interpersonal interactions. This model is also known as Multistep Flow Model. The Two Step Flow of Communication Model states that ideas and notions flow from mass media to judgment frontrunners to widespread population. It is believed that opinion formed by most people is primarily based on opinion leaders. These opinion leaders are those who interpret based on their personal views and judgments. Moreover, they are exposed to particular media content. These opinions are infiltrated by opinion leaders with the help of general public

Managing People and Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing People and Change - Case Study Example These reforms included having a financial budgeting that was strict. The job specifications were revised. Fund holding was also reintroduced by the Blair government. The Blair government emphasized outsourcing of medical services. (Rudolf, 2006) Research shows that the medical staff are demoralised since the Blair government came to power. This is because of the NHS redundancies and staff cuts. The NHS has encountered problems since the initiation of the Blair reforms. This is in relation to IT innovations and incorporation into the organization. The National Programme for IT was though to be the worlds largest. This project had conflicts with programme contractors and the Blair government. The estimated budgets for this program kept on rising from 2.3 billion to 30 billion. (David, 1989) The National Health Service Act was passed in the year 1946. It was implemented in the year 1948. Nigel Lawson described it as a national religion. The services in the NHS are free of charge. After the World War II there were great reforms which were initiated by William Beveridge. Large sums of money were used by the NHS in funding. During the 1980s there was the reformation of the management processes in NHS. This organization had tough strains in financing until the year 1987. During this year the government provided 101 million for use in NHS. There are various NHS agencies such as NICE and SIGN. (Allyson, 2004) Improvement agencies role in health sector used to implement changes in NHS The role of the modernization agencies is to give assistance to the local clinicians. They help in the redesigning of the local services in the health sector. They ensure that the health sector provides services that are patient oriented. They also provide clinical governance services to the health sector. Modernization agencies help in leadership development in the health sector. They ensure that there is the improvement of the services that are given to patients and other customers in the health. There is provision of a regulatory oversight that is independent. (DoH, 1997) Improvement agencies have helped in implementing various changes in the NHS. These include ensuring that the length of waiting time for the patients is greatly reduced through variations in the discharging of the patients. The admission process of the patients is also changed. The patients follow up has been changed such that it is only done when necessary. There is the reduction of the queue numbers such that patient access to the services is greatly improved. (DoH, 1999) Care & Repair England This health improvement agency established with an objective of meeting the health needs of older and disabled citizens. Its roles are; to act as agents of service users in the health sector. It also provides the necessary policy framework for the other agencies within the mandate offered by the department of health. (Rampton, 2003) Organisational change models used by improvement organizations NIATx process improvement model This process model is based on some key principles which entail; involving and understanding the customer, fixing key challenges for the chief executives, picking powerful change leaders, adopting rapid-cycle testing procedures and obtaining ideas from partners outside the organizational field. (Burnes, 2004) Penn State improvement model